Ngaphandle kwesibheno esibonakalayo, isitena (njengesixhobo sokwakha sangaphandle) sihlala ixesha elide.Noko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukuwohloka kwayo akunakuphepheka.Ngenxa yokuba izitena ziyi-porous - zanda okanye ziyancipha ngokwamanqanaba omswakama kunye neempembelelo ze-thermal - amanzi ayisongelo rhoqo kunye neyona nto ibangela ukuwohloka kwezitena kwimvulophu yokwakha.Ngoko ke uthintelo lokuhamba kwiinkqubo imvulophu yokwakha izitena.
Iindidi zoKwakha iindonga
Iindonga zangaphandle zezitena zinokuhlelwa njengeendonga zomqobo okanye iindonga zokuhambisa amanzi.Iindonga zomqobo zakhiwe ngobume obuqinileyo ngaphandle kwemingxuma yokukhupha amanzi.Zinokwakhiwa ngeewythes enye okanye ezininzi, ngezitena ngokupheleleyo, okanye ngeyunithi yolwakhiwo lwekhonkrithi okanye i-terra cotta back-up.Iindonga ezininzi zokuthintela izitena (iiwythes ezintathu okanye ngaphezulu) ziyilelwe ukuthintela ukungena kwamanzi kwiindawo zangaphakathi ngobunzima.Ngokufanelekileyo, ubungakanani bamanzi abanjwe ludonga ngexesha elithile lingaphantsi kunokutshatyalaliswa ngexesha elifanayo.Kudonga olusisithintelo olwakhiwe ngezitena ezimbini (okanye iindonga ezidityanisiweyo), umdibaniso wekhola (owenziwe ngokuqinileyo ngodaka) udibanisa isitena sobuso kunye ne-masonry back-up.Amanzi angena kwisitena sobuso alandela umdibaniso wekhola ukuya kuthi ga ngokudanyaza apho ithi ikhutshwe kwindawo yebhedi kunye/okanye ekulileni, okanye iphume ebusweni bodonga.
Iindonga zokuhambisa amanzi ziyilwe zinemingxuma phakathi kwemida yangaphandle yezitena zobuso kunye neendonga ezixhasayo (izitena, iiyunithi zokwenza ikhonkrithi, isinyithi okanye iplanga lomthi).Ngokufanelekileyo, amanzi angena kwisitena sobuso okanye angene kwi-cavity aqokelelwa ngokudanyaza apho akhutshwa khona ngejoyini yebhedi kunye / okanye ngokulila.
Xa iMiphandle yezitena isilela
Iimpawu zokuwohloka kweendonga zangaphandle zezitena ngokubanzi zibangelwa kukungena kwamanzi kwaye zibandakanya ukubola kunye ne-efflorescence, ukuqhekeka / ukutshiza / ukuchithwa, kunye nokuwohloka kwamalungu odaka, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
I-efflorescence yenzeke xa amanzi ehlamba iityuwa ezinyibilikayo ngodaka nangaphezulu kwesitena.Kubonakala kuhlobo lwamasuntswana ekristale amhlophe aphuhla kwimigangatho yezitena njengoko amanzi ephuphuma.
Iintanda kunye nokutshiza kwizitena kunokubangela ukuba amanzi afunxwe/agcinwe kukukhenkceka kwezitena.Ukwandiswa kwentsimbi (ukuqiniswa okufakwe ngaphakathi okanye iilinteli) ukusuka kwirusi kwiinkqubo zodonga lwezitena kunokubangela ukuqhekeka / ukufuduswa.
Udaka, olusetyenziselwa ukudibanisa izitena kunye, kufuneka lubethambile kunesitena esibophayo (ukuze izitena zingaqhekeki ngexesha lokwandisa), kwaye kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngendlela (i-concave / rodded) ephazamisa ukuqokelelwa kwamanzi kwindawo yokudibanisa.Ukukhomba kwakhona kuyadingeka xa ibhondi phakathi kwezitena kunye nodaka lusilela.
Iindima zokuNciphisa (iShelufu) ii-engile kunye neziHlanganiso ezithambileyo
Izitena zanda kwaye zivumelane notshintsho kwiqondo lokushisa kunye nomxholo wokufuma.Ii-engile zokukhulula (ishelufu) ziyimfuneko ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba intshukumo iyalungiselelwa phakathi kwezitena zobuso kunye neenkqubo zodonga lwasemva, nokuba iintanda kunye nokufuduswa okubangelwa kukuthintelwa kwesistim kuyancitshiswa.Amalungu athambileyo afakwe kwii-angles ezithe tye (ishelufu), kunye nolawulo oluthe nkqo kunye nokwandiswa kwamalungu, aya kwamkela ukunyakaza kunye nokudala ukukhululeka kokwandiswa kwezitena.